Legends written by Cao Xueqin "Iris Harrier North South Kao Gong JI Zhi" is a description of a Chinese kite art monographs, but so far not see full text of the book, even this is true, Tsao is really all that scrap art fast set version which works also lack enough circumstantial information, academic debates, no conclusions. Speaking from the subjective desire, we very much hope that the CAO or other ancestors for future generations a valuable information about Chinese kite, for the people to inherit and develop. But hope cannot replace facts, we have to wait for this new discovery.
In addition, some spread-spectrum. Legend-Tsung's "vision and the kite spectrum" is an early one, but now it is not seen. Family in the other is the kite or kite player type a personal collection, today you can find some. Type all these limitations, but it was valuable information, including mentioning 30 Jin Tiean's "kite spectrum" a valuable book, deficiency is not, this may be due to printing conditions and funding constraints have not been printed.
In addition to the "spectral" but also a precious material – "article", that is, to make a standard kite skeleton bamboo, which is generally passed from generation to generation in a family of mass-produced kites, such as the Beijing "kites" has circulated a bundle of several generations of "article". This supplement to the "spectrum" only on screen, no skeleton or skeletons instead specific bamboo sizes and lack of weight change, make kite's spread is more complete. In addition to words, pictures and real, Chinese folk art depends mainly on the technology of "mouth", which is used in the folk artist "tactic". This is in order to better teach the friendly and confidential "author" or "cut". Due to the artist's cultural level constraints, these mnemonics or incisions are often invisible and has the sound without words, or, lost in the spread, modify, interrupted a lot.
Only four traditional Chinese art of kite summed up in two words: bar, paste, paint, put. Hereinafter referred to as "the four Arts". To understand this simple "quadrivium" tie rack, pasting paper, painted flower color, fly a kite. But it's much wider connotation of the word, nearly all of the traditional Chinese art of kite. If "bar" include: sorting, splitting, bending, cutting, then.
"Pappy" includes selected, cut, paste, and school. "Painting" includes: color, border-bottom, tole painting, dyeing, repair. "" Include: wind, line, release, transfer, accept. And this "quadrivium" comprehensive use will reach the level of kite design and innovation. Will be detailed below.
"Bar" art
A, materials
Skeleton made of a variety of bamboo Chinese kites, supported by Reed, sorghum stalks as well as began to use wood or light metal, glass fiber, carbon fiber composite materials. Bamboo's features are: lightweight, fiber and dense (bark), and therefore have a certain strength, toughness and elasticity, can be split into a variety of articles, easy to process. Hot bending, stereotypes are not easily deformed. Disadvantage is that rigid as wood. Bamboo grasses of the genus of bambusoideae plants, many bamboo species in China, 22 more than more than 200 species of the genus, the main producing areas in the South of the Yangtze River area.
1. Bamboo species selection:
(1) the bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)
Main origin: South of the Qinling Mountains, the hanshui River basin to the Yangtze River area.
Main features: is the most widely distributed in China, production, and bamboo species with high economic value. Large directly, up to more than 20 meters, diameter of 16 cm or more thick, bamboo wall thickness 0. 5~1. 5 cm, length 40 cm, hard materials, strong and ductile, splitting familiarity with good performance, is kite-making all kinds of good material. Is also an important material for making kites.
(2) the bamboo (bamboo May Ji Zhu, longevity of yellow bamboo, wheat)
Main origin: Yangtze River provinces, Hebei, Henan, Sichuan and other places.
Main features: up to 15 m, diameter up to 14~16 cm, middle section of up to 40 cm, bamboo "thick bamboo hard, contempt or kites are part of the main force of good material.
(3) the bamboo (yan Zhu)
Main origin: widely distributed South of the Yangtze River.
Main features: bamboo rod 5~10 m tall, size 4~6 cm, asked long "20~40 cm, medium-thin bamboo, bamboo poles directly, hard and tough, good mechanical properties, splitting familiarity is good, is making a kite or kite detail skeleton of good material.
(4) affinis (sweet affinis)
Main origin: South of the Yangtze River area.
Main features: bamboo rod 5~10 m tall, size 4~8 cm, length up to 60 cm, thin walls of bamboo, bamboo soft, poor mechanical strength, but lighter materials, this bamboo-split (not shaving), kite-making medium on the straight bar. Not only has a certain amount of rigidity, weight is lighter than other bamboo.
In addition, there are lemon, sweet bamboo, carnation, Huang Ruozhu, bamboo and so on, not one by one in detail here. At the time of selection, except for variety, there are varieties to choose for a certain time and part of the problem.
2: selection of bamboo:
(1) vertical at an adult bamboo poles can be largely divided into the base, middle and top. Root key should polymorphic does not, and should not be used. The tip obviously thinner, is also unavailable. Can only select the long middle section, thickness changes very little of that period.
(2) transverse broken bamboo, look at his face, bamboo is the most external skin, skin fibrous tissue intensive part is the green bamboo, bamboo green internal organization loose part is the outer, kites and generally only use green bamboo and bamboo skin parts, the outer has to cut. But how much depends on the specific case may be cut.
(3) water in Hsinchu, just pick, easy bending, dry naturally after a period of time where you want to place the shade can be used. Place for a number of years, water bamboo rarely brittle and hard, unbending, General rarely use. Of course, no years of young bamboo and natural split in the field for many years, the old bamboo, you can't use.
Second, split bamboo
Due to the texture of the bamboo flat, you can use "split" approach to processing.
1. What is "chopped"? With the "cut": the "split" refers to bamboo natural texture to tear it open and not cut with a blade.
2. Split-bamboo in three steps:
(1) the incision;
(2) split people;
(3) the poke.
3. Splitting bamboo tools: knives can also be chopped small baskets, but split-bamboo will have special tools. Apart from the traditional thick back split bamboo knife, we can make a bonding tool. Looking for a period of more than 5 mm thick, 50~60 mm wide steel plate, 200 mm, preferably at one end there is a hole about 15 mm in diameter, such as old automobile leaf springs can be. On the grinding wheel to a grinding, edge into both sides of the plate is tilted 45 "~60" angle, forming cutting edge, find a stick can be inserted into the holes in the steel. About 300 mm in length, this split-bamboo tool is ready. It can be easily split any da 16O mm in diameter used.
4. Preparation of bamboo:
General to pick the initial processing of the bamboo, bamboo is prepared for later use. The steps are as follows:
(1) get rid of bamboo shoots and bamboo root.
(2) cut into about 1~1. 5 meters of bamboo.
(3) 8 pieces of bamboo split into approximately the same width of the planks.
(4) a bundle of bamboo every 10 blocks, neatly tied up and dried for later use.
Three, cutting bamboo
Peel was split after finishing, is used in scraping the cutting edge of bamboo, make it into my Tri-making all kinds of kite parts needed for a variety of different widths, thickness and slope of bamboo strips. Traditional use "cut" approach, namely the operator sits, spread a thick cloth on the leg, left hand of bamboo, zhupi down, right hand horizontal knife, blade meat in bamboo, leaning slightly downward using your left hand back out bamboo, bamboo was peeled off a layer of meat. Adjusting the blade angle and pressure with bamboo, bamboo can change cut off the thickness of the meat. Processing kites now are reluctant to damage clothes, prefer to work on the Workbench, using woodworking plane cutting bamboo, into all common methods. This method of cutting bamboo are easy to master high Machining accuracy, suggest that you use. In addition to the cut out, and fell down and cut down bamboo wood), with the blade scraping (final finishing).
Four, bending bamboo
An important feature of bamboo is its structure at a certain temperature soft, easy bending, cooling will be shaped in the bent State. Used to this feature, it can produce a variety of curved complex parts. Exquisite delicate Chinese kites and use this to bend the bamboo-related.
1. Heat source:
Bamboo can be processed using a variety of heat sources, used in traditional Chinese kite-making candles and kerosene lamps. • Adjustable flame size of the latter and glass collector, so better use. Bent bamboo to use alcohol or gasoline blowtorch heat. Now bend small bamboo used for welding of iron, the effect is very good. Because it has no open flame radiant heat and bamboo can be bent on it, hanging bent much easier than on the flame.
2. Bending method.
(1) Preheat: bamboo at the heat evenly heated to a certain temperature. Preheat not too hastily, trying to make bamboo is heated within and external cannot be burnt, it will keep on turning bamboo strips, and move back and forth, its gradual warming. This process depends on the thickness of the bamboo, strips in general time is short, coarse long.
(2) bending: after preheating to the temperature, bamboo soft, Bendable. But bending to moderate, too fast you will bend and break, part scrap, slow cooling bending bamboo home. Therefore, to grasp the opportunity, firm bend, the best success. When bent in the soldering iron section to finally bent in a large arc, small arc is curved. Zhupi outward bend easy, zhupi inward difficulties. (3) setting: bending can put bamboo into cold water, allow it to cool setting. Stereotypes may have a slight rebound, so when you bend, camber of comparable drawings needed bigger, just right after the rebound.
Five, connection
Bamboo parts all together, kite composed the whole skeleton. Connection methods (many, used in traditional Chinese kite-making the most of which is binding, so the "quadrivium", set the "bar" in the first place. In fact, apart from "bar" in addition to buckle wedge, live, plug, etc.
1. Binding:
Lashing material wire, hemp, leather, paper and textiles. Traditional Chinese kites fine line. Mass production of flax and paper or silk (paste kite cut edge) banding. Modern large and medium Chinese kites in the interface after the glue, non-woven cloth with plastic binding, great strength. Bamboo connector on the kite frame many, various, summed up the vertical, parallel and skew the three connection methods.
(1) the vertical connections: can be divided into: Cross, cards and lap three. Cross is simple, but not strong, and skeleton inside. Cross-cross tie wire for general law. Split card there should be a section, on the card in another hate, strength compared to the lap, but cross-connect frame. Overlap with a bent 90 degrees, but the intensity, the skeleton can be tied parallel lines.
(2) parallel connection: pick up and take two oblique. Two bamboo cross cut MITRE, in banding together is called oblique. This smooth and beautiful, but oblique to the length of more than 6 times the thickness of the bamboo strips times, will have enough strength. Take a simple, strength and big, but the two are not on the same line with a surface.
(3) the inclined connection: inclined connection and the vertical connections. But in a different angle, cross, lap is available and the card to three.
2. Buckle wedge:
This is a traditional connection methods used by Tianjin kites. This is a longitudinal skeleton hole punching, lateral perforation of the skeleton join methods. And kite-making of revolving body parts for connection works, such as birds, insects, belly, basket of flowers, lanterns, etc.
3. Live:
Folding part of the activities to make connections, called "live". Chinese kites lock is most commonly used in live. Its structure is two overlapping, connected to a horizontal axis in the Middle, there is a metal ring at each end. Ring loosen two fold; ring sleeve joint with two tight ends, two bamboo strips into a gaping like bamboo.
4. Docked:
Some removable parts on the kite, you need to plug. Bushing plug is the most commonly used traditional methods, Reed pipe for small kites, medium kite tubes, large kites made of special casing connections. When the bear is to be taken into account when making intubation friction and resistance to bending, so intubation must be a certain length, not too short.
"Pappy" art
A, materials
Traditional Chinese kites and masked with paper and paperboard, and modern synthetic fiber textiles and non-woven fabric, plastic and many other materials.
1. Paper stock: paste paper requested fiber length for kite, flexible, thin and light, and small amount of ventilation, good coloring, small deformation due to temperature change. Traditional Chinese kites used mostly hand-made paper of long fiber paper, Papyrus, paper, rice paper, and paper, Korean paper. There is more to modern machine-made paper, such as Wenzhou mechanism for sheets, meinong paper, scratch paper, oil seal, capacitor paper paper and so on. Choose what paper is used depends on the kite's size, location, colouring requirements, flight conditions and other factors, with Kite size. • smaller kites, paper thin, softer. For example, a smaller kite sheets, Korea used high strength paper, paper for large kites to be used by the floor-mounted.
2. Silk material:
Juan is a very thin silk textiles, light weight, high strength, good coloring, is a traditional Chinese kites masked material in common use, but the cost is very high, not suitable for beginners. By now there are some clips of man-made fibers thinner than silk textiles, such as habotai (insulation textiles) and Yang spin, they are lighter than silk, strength, breathability and less. Therefore, at present, making traditional Chinese kites are often spun in place of silk. Kites are to go through the initial handling of textiles paste, adhesive alum mixed liquid wet dry after ironing. This has two effects, one is reduce the breathability; the second is easy to paint coloring, color does not dip spread. In addition, some glue alum-treated silk stiffness, not soft as does not address.
2 alum recipe is traditional gum gum, alum 1, water is 36. Or 20 grams of bone collagen plus 10 grams of alum and 360 grams water heat dissolved into a liquid. But some kites are not treated with rubber alum "raw" Silk hooded. Another of its special effects.
3. composite materials:
Often using composite masked traditional kites, which uses silk tissue paper or paper tray bitch. This material strength, airtight good, good coloring, unmatched performance with paper and silk.
4. New materials:
These traditional Chinese kites and masked material has two major drawbacks: one is not water resistant, color after a wet down, masked men also damaged. Second is the strength to stand strong winds and flying test. I remember once at a kite performance abroad, the author placed a large traditional Chinese Butterfly kites, wind that day more than 5 levels, high altitude wind more, accept this kite in half an hour, and its wings and tail were torn into strips, and foreigners of nylon fabric kite safely without incident. In order to solve this problem, we should consider the application of new materials. Nylon non-woven cloth and silk, silk brocade, plastic film, is a very good material. They're good air tightness, not afraid of water, the first three strength far greater than the paper and silk. Many varieties of plastic film, and some extremely thin, weighing only imports 1/10. But it also brought new problems, such as coloring, gluing is not a new approach. This problem will be in the back "Paste", "paint" in the discussions.
Second, cutting
Cut refers to the material masked, like dresses.
1. Taking shape:
Kite plane section take shape easily, as long as the masked profile in kite drawings painted on to materials is done. But there are many in the kite surface, such as the swallow's wings, is a complex surface, must take shape on a piece of paper on the skeleton of the swallow wings than good, and cut out along the edge, then press the pattern painted on the masked material.
2. Left side:
Edge of material must be slightly larger than the pattern, and slightly larger than the paste masks of curling.
3, texture:
Whether paper or textiles, most of which have their own texture, material must be taken into account when the texture, be sure to make a kite around textures, symmetry, and avoid the use of tilt texture.
4. Material:
Without prejudice to the premise of the above three requests, how to save the material is material should pay attention to the problem.
Third, paste
How to paste in the kite hooded skeleton, is the key to paste art.
1. Glue:
Before the paper, often coated in plastic skeleton. What kind of glue, coating on the skeleton? Is this section to solve the problem. When paper, silk, currently the best adhesive is LaTeX (polyvinyl acetate emulsion), concentration depends on the paste and glue material will, in principle, the thicker paste material, not of great strength, can dilute the glue. Paste material strength, required bond strength, glue a bit strong. Glue is best lightly coated with a brush on the skeleton, glue should be uniform. Note that some skeleton in the corner, don't accumulate a lot of glue, which makes masks is not flat.
2. Masked:
Adhesive-coated frame masked to be accurately placed on the framework, moving as little as possible. Otherwise it will wipe off the glue. Masked on the framework to smooth tension throughout, must not be tight in some places, some loose, this will cause the kite to distortion, seriously affecting the flight. Hooded skeleton in position, gently press around, make masks with skeleton put in prison, but isn't busy crimping. Because before the glue is dry around the edge will cause uneven tension phenomenon. BA GUA GUA kites kite making methods and pictures
Four, edge treatment
After masked men glued to the frame, paste kite is at the edge of an important step in this process. Can have different processing methods based on different circumstances.
1. Cutting edge:
When the kite is small, and masked with the kite frame bonding strength is large, can cut off the remaining edges with a knife, called "cutting edge".
2. Curling:
When you want to increase strength, edge cut excess part part coating volumes after coming, called "curling"
3. Hemming:
When more strength is required, to part of the surplus after curling seams, called "hem".
4. Sticky:
When using plastic film when masked, its adhesion to the skeleton often enough, and should not be sutured, then use the extra edge of roll bonding method, called "stick".
5, correction
In the masked process to continually check the correct position of the armature of kites, found to be distorted, asymmetrical situation such as to correction at any time, otherwise the whole kite paste out later found that the problem is not corrected.
"Painted" art
Painted art not just kite drawing process, it also includes the entire kite beautify questions, so here I would like to use more ink.
, Kite's landscaping
The United States, is one of the common goals of mankind since ancient times. Kite was no exception, in addition to its main aspects--can fly outside, people always want it better. Fly and there is a dynamic in the United States. For the different types of kites, the importance of beauty is different. Or rather, the meaning of beauty is different. Franklin used to measure lightning kite, Guglielmo Marconi used to replace the antenna of kite used to bring Zhang Liang and Han Xin the kite in the sky play the songs of Chu, is to complete the job. As far as their shape: color is secondary. Can also be said that, in the eyes of people, death can accomplish their tasks is the most beautiful. Steerable kite tricks, or "fight" the fighting kites, is to use smart magic fly to reflect their beauty. As for the shapes and colours is the second, or, rather, to complete the skills flight services. 1. Outline of the kite shape:
A kite, regardless of its design and styling fine, as long as the fly in the sky far, we looked out from the ground, tend to see only the outline sketch. Even fly no farther, patterns and shapes can be seen from the ground, but in this case the most deep, is the outer contour of the shape. Therefore, the outline shape of the kite, kite's artistic effect, is a very important part. Outline of the kite shape, generally consider the following aspects:
(1) select the most expressive styling. One by one to do such as Eagle kites, choose what kind of shape it? Beijing Tianjin Hawk, Hawk kites, kite, Hawk kites, Weifang, Shandong, different shapes. If the image of an eagle as a standard measure, they each have their own characteristics. Because many species of Eagles, attitude and ever-changing, this kite-making different aesthetic point of view, choose those they deem most beautiful, the most beautiful flying attitude, to determine their Eagle kite shape. In dealing with people, insects, and other kite shape, note also that the same principle: highlighting their features, their most vivid image. Such as Zhong Xu beat, all kinds of butterflies, cicada beat, Zhong Paizi, bottle bat kites, are all examples of success in outside disposal. Point here is, Chinese traditional-shaped kites, they rely mainly on its contour shape to express the theme. Put together, one hanging in the sky, art and works well.
(2) using the variable "soft style". In addition to the shape is essentially the same in the air "hard style", in the kite there you can move with the wind, "soft style". Like the tail of a fish, butterfly's tails, ribbons, flags of the characters Spike and so on. These moving parts added to the kites unlimited vitality, enhance artistic effect. In designing the kite should be fully utilized.
(3) not forgetting the aerodynamic and structural needs. If you forget when considering the outline shape of the kite kite aerodynamic performance and the basic requirements for structural strength, it will cause trouble in flight: due to unbalanced or unstable and incapable of flight, or dissolution of air due to insufficient strength or weight is too large and could not fly. Therefore, handle the styling and the conflict between the aerodynamic and structural strength requirements, which unify and kite design an important aspect to be considered.
2. Kite's composition:
Composition and outer contour shape, artistic effects have important effects on the kite. Moreover, kite and composition is the outer contour shape is often closely tied together, unified consideration. Described here only to facilitate, and pull them apart.
(1) kite-type of composition. Kite's composition, according to their contents, can be roughly divided into the following categories: realistic: such as the Eagles, swallows, butterflies, Jing surface as well as a variety of other birds, flying insect class. Are as real as possible, and its natural beauty.
Decorative: this refers to those proceeding from decoration, make a proper processing of natural objects and deformation of the composition. As a bat kite and real bats are very different in the form, it has a strong decorative motifs. Swallow kite swallows more like the real thing, it is a people created the image. This decorative composition on the kite in China use a lot. Contrast: on the kite, to highlight the theme, often adding some contrast composition, such as soft-winged kites on clouds or stiff-winged figures, is the meaning of contrast: in traditional Chinese kites, meaning the pattern of many. As a symbol of happy bat, symbol of longevity peaches, a symbol of riches and honour Peony. These patterns of meaning on some kites form a kite theme, while in other kites, which acts as a foil, foil.
(2) characteristics of the composition of Chinese kites. In terms of the composition of Chinese kites form, have the following characteristics:
Symmetry: the Chinese kites are mostly symmetrical, so symmetrical composition. Figure kite compositions tend to be asymmetrical, has some black face-shaped kites are also asymmetrical.
Mosaic: kites in China, some of the patterns are set among other integrated graphics, such as bladder sometimes inlaid in the nest of the swallow kite bat, Lotus, etc.
Full: full pattern composition of Chinese kites are very plump, white, white people and property, the full composition is one of the artistic characteristics of Chinese kites.
3. Kite in color:
(1) kite color characteristics. Kite color characteristics, depends on watching kite and General painting on different conditions.
Further: in addition to the large mural outside viewing distances are within a few meters of the painting, and flying kites with the viewer's distance of little more than 10 meters, much as dozens of hundreds of meters. Therefore, in deciding the color of kites, the "far" is the first thing to consider. In order to meet the requirements of far effect, kite color to bright, contrast to a strong, larger blocks.
Moved: kites are viewing things in flight, although some kites as beautiful decorations in the room, but I do not think it as our starting point for considering the art of kite. Flying is the life and soul of kites, its real beauty is closely connected with flying. Therefore, when we consider the kite color, you must first "fly" based on the word. So, except for "far", there is "move". Must be based on the flight effect to color. And far as the requirements are consistent with, and also calls for clear, contrast, color.
Light: from "fly" based on the word, the kite in the air, we often meet with light coming from the back. At this time, the different pigments, kites of different materials have different light effects. Done right, you can increase the beauty of the kite. Handled properly, it is hard to see.
Once I'm in France Nantes, met several young kite lovers, one of the women was carrying a kite with old newspapers, I disagree. When she put the kite up later, just the backlight, newspapers largely black. She dug two holes in the paper, Orange cellophane on the paste, when these two places are like two eyes give off a beautiful light, moving up! This made me not forget for a long time, I deeply feel in the fine art of kite, should make good use of natural light effect.
In order to achieve transparency effects, must use sharp, large contrast to the transparent color. Painted kite used traditional Chinese methods "Speck" one of the reasons, is taking advantage of its good light transmission. The sky background.
Flying kites is the background of the sky, taking into account the kite color, must not forget this factor.
Chinese traditional kite "black bottom", only black and white and color, but very striking into the sky. There are red-robed Bell: Pate, black bang Wo inlaid with red cast picture of the "thin swallow" and so forth, when they are flying in the blue sky is very colorful. But sky blue, grey and blue color, is rarely used in the kite, sky is not obvious because, fly farther and out of sight.
(2) basic principles of Chinese kites: Huai-traditional Chinese kites are almost only use magenta, yellow, light green, and "guoyanzi" (black), these four colors. But painted kite is dazzling, colorful. This is kite-making ingeniously uses color results. They use basic principles of color are: bright, contrast, color.
Magenta, yellow and black light green, ash, here most of the colors are so bright and contrast is strong between them, coupled with the use of black and white lines, you can enhance the effect of contrast. Large blocks of color, there are two methods: one is the direct use of large blocks of color; the second is put together some small chunks of the same, from a distance is a great color. These colors are very distinct in the blue sky, only applies to pay attention to the Green, not the best green directly connected with the blue sky, but give it painted a different color border, make profiles stand out more.
The beautify questions in addition to the above, the "painted" art also includes: color, border-bottom, tole painting, dyeing, repairing five areas, as described below.
Second, color
Kites come in many colors to choose from now, so nobody can solve color problems are important.
However, not so much in the past low price mechanism of chemical dyes and pigments, kite workshops in the use of color, many of them are on their own, they are not cheap, and beautiful-beautiful and durable. I want to borrow a book length, handed down several old artists paint preparation methods introduced, one can help to understand the historical background, and in certain cases may also be of some use.
1. Take the black smoke method:
Previously painted kite, black not ink, and pot smoke in. Because of guoyanzi black, himself not only a mortar and pestle with little money, and black thick black opaque, it is not up to ink. Cooking with straw, wood, a long time pot filled with thick black smoke. Pipe under the broom-swept gently used (must not use the iron-arm), and against the people stay up well in advance-hide glue, mix thoroughly and put in warm boiled cooked on the fire, and then hydrolysis, cups, and other impurities sink to, net floating above the fat can be used. Wooden boards against the black without glue, and cooked into a porridge-like in the starch and stir up the pot smoke in, brushed version. This black paint, that is, non-stick paper, and do not fade.
2. Fried Rouge method:
First will mining have of lithospermum stem (perennial herb, leaves is oval alternate, foliar rough, summer open small white, its root skin purple, dry Hou available) pestle broken, to its wood stem, each 50 grams can have about 35 grams, plus leaves seven or eight tablets, with snow put in sand pot in Cook open Hou, with simmer light Cook to purple stem soft, fishing up by broken, again through to six or seven times issued bubble weizhi, then will purple juice drops in porcelain bowl within, filter to waste, again set fire to Shang through Yu, is into purple cream.
3. Huai yellow frying method:
Locust tree flowers stemming Sun open, lime-fried in the Pan, and then fried alum the water into the pot, stir the yellow water juice with a Club (this sauce can be used to make other colors), the remaining yellow silt jiajiao or paste and painted kite.
4. Indigo method:
Indigo grass harvest (also known as Liao blue) into cylinder, water retting stains, after fermentation, lime with sticks whipped into Indigo water, then filter out impurities, and made into a paste called "flower blue" or "Indigo". The "Paste" when adding water that leave you can use.
5. Green:
First colour with mortar fine or fine twist with hands dipped in water and then adding dilute glue, adhesive is not strong, thick is not beautiful. Available surface fine fat, under the sink can be further developed. Method of Chinese traditional color can be seen just above 5 are plied by alum write for readers ' reference.
6. Plied by alum:
Will alum grind into a fine powder, water with boiling vitriol, clarifying to ballast, the adhesive into the pot boil water blending, one alum in the water, with the tongue taste, such as too astringent taste is alum more plastic and less like glue much less flavor are alum, lick it tastes sour. Alum more for summer, and winters are less vitriol. If China can buy after chemical dyes on the market, and painted kite with "Speck". This is a water soluble dye, fully soluble in water, no insoluble particles, using these pigments without glue, so after some brush on the paper, does not shrink when dry, weight gain very little, and transparency, better light transmission. Painted kite when the backlighting is especially bright neon colored, is unmatched by other insoluble pigment. Commonly used Speck magenta (red), the Huai Qing Lian, rose, yellow, light blue, light green, and fine (purple), acid alkaline orange pink, and so on. "Speck" the disadvantage is that there are several color (yellow, green, etc) endurance is poor, over time will fade. Now have better color, that is, water color additive "color", such as the Beijing pen parts factory produces the three-ring brand color ink, 12 to a box. Its vividness as much as "Speck", but durability is much stronger than the speck. But the price is much higher than the speck. Besides painting, water color, pink water, acrylic color painted kite can be used, just not widely used. Black ink removal and pot fumes, carbon or ink, and so on. For nylon silk, silk brocade, nonwoven, plastic film and other materials making hooded kite, colors used to beautify the new requirements, for example. Using Acrylic colors and printing inks used in these materials. In addition in the nylon silk and Brocade silk can also be used on printing and dyeing methods to achieve better results.
Third, the end of the treatment
There are many kite before painting, must be put on reflection, this section about background processing. Such as Jing Dragonfly or cicada, making the kite wing before the textures, it must first background. Jing surface, red, red background, Jing Dragonfly green with green background, the cicada with a yellow background.
Before this background is generally not paste good morning. Large area colored background, require uniform or gradient, usually alum silk spread on paper or on the desktop, a layer of water at the surface by using the brush to make it moist, and scrub brush evenly coated with transparent color, wait to dry, and when it is not completely dry and then brush, until moderate so far. Stay dry with an iron after ironing. If there is no gradient requirements, you can dye's approach to color. Put dissolved good of color into flat disc in the (as wash photos with of flat disc) put paper or silk CD into is less than flat disc of width, with hand took paper (or silk) end of two angle, makes it immersion color water in the, then along disc side gently pulled with, is paper was all soaked coloring,, full Zhang paper are pulled excellent water yihou will gently to put paper hanging in prior prepared good of rope Shang, like drying sheets as, stay dry Hou ironing flat will can using has. If you can buy dyes well in advance of colored paper, colored silk can also be used directly without own dyeing.
Four, inking
Ready for reflection or masked without background materials, you can begin painting. Drawing on white paper with ink drawn well before 1/1 "detail", the detailed patterns are drawn, but no paint. Materials prepared and masked in "bulk" on, check all lines with a brush, and according to the design requirements, sketch out all ink black, black-ink dye well, individual patterns are white or color with a white powder or color. Requirements for tracing are: accurate, uniform, smooth, symmetrical.
Five, dyeing
Refers to the color. No vitriol for the "birth certificate", "raw silk" before coloring in the outlined pattern, first in the shaded part of the pen again glue alum water, to dry and then paint. Where the larger coloring, try to choose a transparent color, small areas colored opaque colors available. If, in special circumstances, to large areas with opaque color, on must not be too thick, too thick, otherwise it will cause masked stiff or a local shrink, make the masks cannot be used.
After six, modifying color dye your modifications and outlines the method and painting the same, will not be detailed here.
Seven, paste and paint
Last thing to mention is "Paste" and "painted" problem. Draw Chinese kites there are three different ways:
1. After paste drawing:
This is a traditional folk artists
One of the. First on the kite frame with white paste, then mixed with glue pot smoke, directly into painting the black part on the kite. Maps are good in their minds, without papers. Classic black to dry, then paint with color pens in their proper places. Finally, suitably modified, kite will draw better. On this drawing as by folk thick porcelain patterns, there is a twist of the wrist. Painted pattern delay spread unrestrained, Chinese folk kite boutique, unfortunately, is not much has come down.
2. First printing and then paste, finally fills:
In order to facilitate mass production, artists draw kites Chinese kites method combined with civil production of wooden new year pictures, formed the first boarded the black stripes, and then paste in the kite on the skeleton, and finally with artificial fill color or the line method to check out a few of the most seen flicks. This method is widely used for mass production of the folk on the kite. Yangliuqing of Tianjin, Shandong Bai Jia BU kites are drawn in this way.
3. Painted first and then paste:
This is a single production, method of making elaborate kites are available. In recent years, Chinese kite enthusiasts and kite manufacturers domestic production, use this method to draw a kite. Drawing procedure is as follows:
(1) ready to kite hooded figure, and Cheung ink lines designed to draw on it.
(2) all masked paper (or silk), put it on the map, write off patterns with a pencil.
(3) according to the pattern and color, masked paint on paper, hook line and finish painting. Color dried, pressed with an iron.
(4) carefully kept in the masked the paper kite on the skeleton. Pay special attention to the interface pattern, to spell, alignment.
(5) the final decoration. Eight foreign kite beautify briefly introduce some foreign kite beautifying methods:
Like many foreign kites and kites in China, is mainly painted. Such as traditional Japan kite is dominated by painting their "warrior paint" used in the kite, making Japan kite unique. Its rendering method is also similar to the painted by Chinese kites. But many national kite landscaping method is different from ours, some of which we should learn from:
1. Color processing:
Like a big black shark, is made of black cloth, only a few white teeth and a pair of white eyes, put it in the air, far very well.
2. Mixed colors.
Like a big bird, with red, Orange, yellow and black cloth patchwork, and up into the sky, dazzling.
3. Spray dyeing:
Made a kite with a white cloth, paper cut into a flower shape on a white cloth, and then colored in purple, and then removed the colored pieces of purple cloth of white flowers. Then use the same method, using other color colored flower. Time this method than using a brush, large effect.
4. Tie dye:
With a cloth or paper, tightly binding up on local wire, then put in a pigment dyed. After the open lashing parts form a natural light shades. In this way, pasting the kite, which is elegant and beautiful.
5. The dig:
In monochrome on paper kites, dug to a variety of patterns and color of paper filling up, forming a beautiful pattern pieces. Japan Shizuoka, diamond-shaped kites this way, beautification works well.
Excerpt from Mr Wang Qinian which of the four wind kite art
